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Creditors Rights

When are Ipso Facto Clauses and Golden Share Arrangements Enforceable in Bankruptcy? “Termination on bankruptcy” provisions—ipso facto clauses—are commonly used in many types of business contracts, providing for the termination of the contract (either automatic or at the non-debtor party’s election) upon the obligor’s filing of bankruptcy or the occurrence of similar events or conditions. However, generally, such clauses are not enforceable in the bankruptcy context, because as a matter of policy, debtors should be allowed access to the protections accorded to debtors under the Bankruptcy Code. In some types […]

Understanding the Right to Credit Bid After Radlax [Editor’s Note: this is part of our irregular series in which we answer readers’ questions. If you have a question, submit it to [email protected] and we will try to answer it.] Question A private equity investor wrote in recently asking us to address credit bidding in the aftermath of Radlax. Answer For investors who are unfamiliar with the concept, the right to credit bid is the “right of the secured creditor under the Bankruptcy Code to use its secured claim against a […]

The Battle Over Post-Petition Interest for Oversecured Creditors In bankruptcy, an oversecured creditor (in which the value of its collateral is higher than its claim) is first in line to be paid. Unfortunately, oversecured creditors are also entitled to post-petition interest (interest that accrues or would accrue after the start of bankruptcy proceedings, regardless of whether or not it is allowed in the proceeding). As a debtor who successfully increases the value of the asset/collateral—how do you alleviate an increased claim and maintain liquidity? And what say does the secured […]

Two Decisions that Clarify “Receipt” of Goods in Administrative Expense Claims   Section 503(b)(9) of the Bankruptcy Code1 allows a creditor an administrative expense claim (i.e., a claim with payment priority over other pre-bankruptcy claims) for the value of goods that the debtor “received” within 20 days before filing for bankruptcy. But what precisely does “received” mean in this context?  Suppose the parties agree that shipments will be free on board (“FOB”) at the origin, or the shipping point. Then, the buyer files for bankruptcy. Does the seller have an […]

Chilled Credit Bidding and the Section 363 Sale Section 363(k) of the Bankruptcy Code (the “Code”) allows a secured creditor to bid at a section 363 sale and use the amount of their claim to offset the purchase price at the sale, called “credit bidding.” A court may limit this right “for cause.” The “for cause” standard is not defined in the Code, and disagreement exists as to what constitutes “for cause.” Traditional bases for limiting credit bidding include challenges related to the lien itself, failure to correctly assert the […]

“The time to buy is when there’s blood in the streets.” – Baron Rothschild Don’t Panic, There Are Many Opportunities in Bankruptcy When a client or a competitor files for bankruptcy, it is natural to reflect on the downside. What’s going to happen to my outstanding receivable? Is the market primed for a downturn? How am I going to replace any lost business? These concerns are very real and require meaningful thought and discussion. However, solely focusing attention on the downside can prove short-sighted. There are incredible opportunities in bankruptcy […]

In the realm of lending, the perfected Uniform Commercial Code-1 (“UCC-1”) is the hallmark of security.  If a secured asset has value, and the liens are valid, what other issues are there to consider?  Well, in at least one instance, underlying intercompany notes were the issue.  And because of the nature of these notes, the perfected UCC-1 lost its shine. In a bankruptcy case filed in the 5th District, the U.S. Debtor parent company had a number of lending agreements with different banks.  Subsidiaries of the parent company, including foreign […]

JPMorgan Chase & Co. and others (“JPM”) lent $1.5 billion to General Motors Corporation (“Old GM”) under a term loan agreement (the “Term Loan Agreement”).  JPM was the senior secured creditor of Old GM.  Old Gm went into chapter 11 bankruptcy.  Under the terms of the DIP financing approved by the bankruptcy court, proceeds of the DIP loan were used to pay $1.5 billion to JPM for its claims under the Term Loan Agreement.  The unsecured creditors committee formed in the Old GM chapter 11 case (the “Committee”) wants that […]

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